Body Weight Disorders and Co-morbidities in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Juniper publishers
JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PULMONARY & RESPIRATORY SCIENCES
Abstact
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a
pulmonary epidemic which is the third leading cause of death in the
world in 2030. Although weight loss is very common in patients with
COPD, but previous studies have shown that about 65% of patients with
COPD have overweight or obesity, which can be due to physical inability
and drug therapy. Due to cardiovascular disease, we found positive
relationships between obesity and heart failure, but not only for
cardiovascular disease and stroke. Also, the findings of the researchers
in the population of patients with COPD suggest that there is a
significant positive relationship between obesity and obstructive sleep
apnea. However, the results of cardiovascular disease are widely used
for cardiovascular disorders, and most of the reported studies are based
on information that can be generalized to cardiovascular disease
patients with COPD. Additionally, patient information from electronic
health records for all selected patients based on gender, age, smoking
status, hospitalization period and general health status are extracted
for predict Co-morbidities and can be related to the population of all
respiratory patients. As a basis for future research on a variety of
pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, COPD, emphysema and lung cancer,
they are also useful.
Introduction
COPD and Mortality Risk Factors
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an
epidemic chronic pulmonary disease, which will be the third leading
cause of death in the world by 2030. Although weight loss in patients
with COPD is very common, previous studies have shown that about 65% of
people with COPD have overweight or obesity, which can be due to
physical inability and drug therapy. Obesity is one of the known risk
factors for various diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular
disease, as well as in patients with COPD. Additionally, obesity in COPD
patients is associated with several other health risk factors,
including signs of increased dyspnea, higher intake of inhaled drugs,
and increased use of health care and decreased tolerance in excessive
activity and fatigue. However, the Global Initiative for Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD), which provides evidence for the
evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of COPD, focuses primarily on the
prevention of weight loss, since weight loss in patients with COPD is at
a higher risk than all of them mean increased mortality [1-3].
Chou chin Lan et al. [4]
reported that in COPD patients with underweight had impairments and
damages in exercise capacity, inspiratory muscle strength and tolerance
exercise. Physical activity with supplemental O2 may be in case of
overweight significantly but limited and improvement in exercise
capacity and quality of life in COPD patients. We must be using of
exercise program in clinic for keep-weight and decrease of that in COPD
patients according to symptoms and signs that as an especially for them [4].
However, this mostly applies to patients with severe COPD where an
increasing body mass index (BMI) is linearly associated with a better
survival, while in patients with mild to severe COPD the lowest
mortality risk occurs in normal to overweight situation of patients.
Since both groups of COPD and obesity place a lot of healthcare in the
health care system, it is important to get more information about the
clinical features of overweight and obese patients with COPD, so that we
can have a good strategy for them, with less economic costs draw less [5,6].
This knowledge can help in developing appropriate treatment strategies
for patients with COPD in primary care and in addition reduce their
health care costs.
Co-morbidities with Overweight in COPD
The results of recent studies in the world show that
overweight and obesity are more epidemic in patients with COPD, with a
higher incidence of disorders such as high blood ressure,
osteoarthritis, diabetes, osteoporosis, anxiety disorder and a higher
prevalence of heart failure in these patients than in patients with
weight gain it is normal. Additionally, obesity was associated with an
increase in the prescription drug for airway obstruction, which could be
the cause of overweight in these patients [7]. Francesco Sava et al. [8]
showed that in COPD patients with overweight are epidemic and often we
can be seeing symptoms that frequency in clinical practice subjects.
COPD patients are obesity, regard to having low airflow obstruction but
they have less hyperinflation and had more improved peak VO2 than COPD
patients with normal BMI. They have impairment in walking and other
exercise tests despite of overweight (excess) but pulmonary
rehabilitation will be best field and beneficial for improvement of
symptoms and signs in clinic. In this research Francesco found that
weight decrease strategies with exercise training both of home basic and
clinical basic are great interesting between researchers and
specialists and can be more beneficial aspects for decrease of
Comorbidities in COPD patients [8].
Findings of the Co-morbidities disorder, along with the results of
previous observations in the complete population of COPD patients, have
been documented in complications such as diabetes, high blood pressure,
osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. According to cardiovascular disease, we
found positive relationships between obesity and heart failure, but not
for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Also, the results of the
researcher's findings in a population of COPD patients that there is a
positive relationship between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea [9].
Cardiovascular diseases and Obesity in COPD
Findings of previous studies on the relationship
between cardiovascular disease and COPD have not been more conclusive.
Lambert et al. [10]
in their studies consider obesity to be associated with an increased
risk of cardiovascular disease and heart failure, while Cecere et al. [11]
showed that there is a higher BMI in COPD patients than cardiovascular
disease. However, cardiovascular disease outcomes are widely used for
cardiovascular disorders, and most studies have been reported based on
data that can be generalized for COPD patients with cardiovascular
complications.
Future Perspectives
For further researches, it will be interesting to see
whether weight loss in obese patients is associated with mild COPD
progression to improve quality of life and reduce the number of
pharmaceutical prescription [12].
In patients with asthma, weight loss is associated with positive
outcomes in the symptoms of the patients, such as the improvement of
breathlessness and endurance in exercise and daily activities. Since
asthma symptoms are very similar to COPD, the promising results of
weight loss in asthmatic patients support the need for research into the
effect of weight loss in patients with COPD, and these results can be
generalized for asthma patients [13,14].
Additionally, this information has been extracted from the electronic
health records for all selected patients according to gender, age,
smoking status, and can be related to the community of pulmonary
patients and as a basis for future research, on types of pulmonary
diseases, such as asthma, COPD, emphysema and lung cancer, is also
useful.
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